High-efficiency cultivation and management technology for greenhouse cherry

First, temperature and humidity regulation

Temperature and humidity refer to the temperature, humidity and ground temperature in the shed. It must be kept within the optimum range required for the growth and development of large cherries. The appropriate temperature and humidity control indicators are as follows:

Regulation and regulation of temperature and humidity of each cherry during the growth period:

1, temperature regulation

Unreasonable temperature management will affect the quality of flower bud differentiation and reduce fruit set rate.

(1) Heating measures: increase heating and insulation facilities. For greenhouses with poor thermal insulation properties, cotton should be added; master the correct time for curtains; often remove dust from the film and increase light transmittance.

(2) Cooling measures: mainly through ventilation. The amount of ventilation should be flexibly controlled according to the season, the weather conditions and the temperature requirements of each cherry growing stage. When opening the vent, it should be gradually enlarged to make the temperature change evenly.

2, humidity regulation

Unreasonable humidity management is not conducive to the germination of pollen tubes of large cherry, easy to cause various diseases, etc., the humidity in the fruit coloring period is too high, and it is easy to cause physiological cracking.

(1) Dehumidification measures: combine soil moisture with ventilation and dehumidification; it is best to use irrigation by drip irrigation, etc. The irrigation time is best selected in the morning after continuous sunny days;

(2) Humidification measures: Generally, at 9-10 o'clock in the morning of germination and flowering, spray or sprinkle water to the ground. The amount of water should be completely evaporated in 1-2 hours before curtain opening.

Second, lighting and gas regulation

1, lighting control

Insufficient light in winter and rainy days can affect the normal growth of large cherries.

(1) Extend the illumination time: On a cloudy day, without affecting the temperature, try to uncover the curtain. The scattered light is also conducive to the development of the tree, avoiding the cloudy day.

(2) Clean the shed film: Regularly remove dust and debris from the shed film to increase the light transmittance.

(3) Fill light: When it is impossible to uncover the curtain in the rainy weather, the fluorescent light should be used.

2, gas regulation

Low carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse and slow decomposition of harmful gases all affect the normal growth of large cherries.

(1) Regulation of carbon dioxide: Low carbon dioxide concentration will seriously affect the photosynthesis of large cherry. In production, it is usually solved by artificially supplementing carbon dioxide gas. Such as the application of carbon dioxide fertilizer; ventilation and ventilation, exchange gas with the outside world.

(2) Control of harmful gases: harmful gases are mainly ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and so on. These harmful gases are mainly from non-fertilized organic fertilizers and farmyard manure, inferior fertilizers and harmful gases from coal combustion.

Third, water and fertilizer management

1. Water management

The large cherry is sensitive to water, and it is neither drought-tolerant nor tolerant. It is an important period for the management of large cherry water after the flowering of the flower and before the ripening of the fruit. It requires less irrigation and less irrigation.

(1) Germination period: the amount of water is moderate, until it is poured through, it is better to not accumulate water on the ground. Increase the humidity in the shed to promote germination.

(2) Pre-flowering period: a small amount of water is poured to meet the water requirement of large cherry blossoms.

(3) Hard core period: 15-20 days after flowering, less irrigation water is used to promote fruit enlargement.

(4) Fruit expansion period: 10-15 days before harvesting, less irrigation water is used to promote fruit enlargement and crack prevention.

(5) After harvesting: water is poured through to restore the tree potential.

The irrigation method can be selected from flood irrigation, furrow irrigation, drip irrigation and drip irrigation. Among them, drip irrigation is the most reasonable irrigation method for irrigation, which can save water and reduce fertilizer, reduce pests and diseases, increase production and income.

2. Fertilization management

Fertilization of large cherry should be based on tree age, tree potential, soil fertility and the fertilizer characteristics of the variety. Master the type of fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer, time and method, and supply the nutrients needed for the growth and development of sweet cherry in a timely and appropriate amount.

(1) Tree age: young trees below 3 years should be mainly nitrogen, supplemented with appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to promote early formation of canopy. 4-6 years of life as the initial fruit period, should pay attention to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. More than 7 years of age, should pay more attention to the supplement of potassium.

(2) Characteristics of annual cycle need for fertilizer: During the annual cycle, cherries have the characteristics of rapid growth and development, and the need for fertilizer concentration. From flowering, leaf development, fruit development to maturity, they are concentrated in the first half of growth, and topdressing should grasp before and after flowering. And two key periods after harvesting.

(3) Growth potential: By increasing the application of organic fertilizer and adjusting the proportion of nitrogen and phosphorus, the growth of strong trees, long-term control, and restoration of weak trees can be achieved.

Fourth, flower and fruit management

The management of the flower and fruit of the large cherry is related to the yield and quality of the fruit. It mainly includes thinning flowers and thinning fruits, improving fruit setting rate, promoting fruit coloration, and preventing cracking.

1, thinning flowers and thin fruit

(1) In the flowering period, the deformed flowers of the short stigma and the double stigma are removed.

(2) 2-3 weeks after the flowering, after the physiological fruit drop, the fruit is removed to remove the deformed fruit and the fruit.

Reasonable flower thinning and thinning can reduce nutrient consumption, conducive to fruit development and improve fruit quality.

2, improve the fruit set rate

(1) Artificial pollination, bee pollination, etc. can be used.

(2) Spraying "pure polyboron" on the foliar surface of the flowering period to promote the germination and elongation of the pollen tube, increase the fruit setting rate, and reduce the loss of flowers and fruits.

3. Promote fruit coloring

(1) Leaf picking: The leaflets are removed, and the big leaves are transferred to the back of the fruit to increase the amount of light seen by the fruit and promote fruit coloration.

(2) Laying reflective film: a silver reflective film is placed under the canopy and the back wall to increase the light intensity of the fruit and promote fruit coloration.

(3) Clean the shed film: increase the light transmittance, and at the end of the fruit expansion period, the curtain will be exposed early, the light time will be extended, and the fruit coloring will be promoted.

(4) Spraying “guoduokang” expanded fruit nutrient solution on the leaf surface of fruit during expansion period to promote fruit enlargement and sweetening.

4, to prevent cracking

(1) Keep the soil water condition stable: During the fruit expansion period, avoid the large amount of water irrigation after the drought, and master the principle of “less irrigation and irrigation”.

(2) Foliar application of "calcium sugar alcohol" can increase the thickness of the large cherry cell wall, prevent cracking, sweetening and coloring.

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