In the autumn and winter season, the flu became a hot vocabulary with cold air. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the launch of a new anti-influenza drug, Xofluza, which is said to be used to treat patients with acute influenza who are over 12 years old and whose flu symptoms last for less than 48 hours. It takes only one oral dose to be effective. The drug acts by inhibiting cap-dependent endonucleases in influenza viruses. So, what is a cap-dependent endonuclease? How does this anti-influenza drug inhibit the flu virus through this substance? What is the biological mechanism behind it? What is the difference between the mechanism of the new anti-influenza drugs? In order to clarify these issues, the Science and Technology Daily reporter interviewed Gao Fu, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and director of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. He also reminded the public: “The northern hemisphere generally begins in late October, and the flu activity increases, reaching its peak in January of the following year. From the beginning of November, some people will be infected with the flu, and the flu prevention and control will reach the most critical period." New drug new mechanism to kill the virus in the cradle Afloz is a third-generation anti-influenza chemical that is the first anti-influenza drug with an innovative mechanism approved by the FDA in the past 20 years. Academician Gao Fu explained that the life process is composed of a series of enzymatic reactions. The influenza virus also has life, but it cannot survive and multiply independently, and it must be parasitic in the cells. In the process of invading human cells, the viral envelope protein first specifically binds to a specific receptor on the surface of the host cell, and then enters the cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis or membrane fusion, and then the capsid of the virus is hosted by the host. The cell or virus's own enzymatic degradation destroys, and the viral nucleic acid is released; in the cell, the viral genome replicates, transcribes, and synthesizes the protein; finally, the synthesized nucleic acid and protein are assembled together, after the viral particle is assembled, on the cell membrane surface. Budding, the connection of the cell membrane enveloping the virus to other parts by neuraminidase. This is the three parts of the viral life cycle, the entry into cells, the proliferation of genetic material, and the release of the virus. The well-known anti-influenza drug Tamiflu specifically recognizes neuraminidase, inhibits the already formed virus from releasing it, and kills the virus. The genetic material of influenza virus is carried in RNA, and its main role of cap-dependent endonuclease is to help genome replication, that is, to help the influenza virus to replicate progeny. Cap-dependent endonucleases are capable of specifically cleavage of mRNA (messenger RNA) precursors from host cells, producing a primer RNA fragment for the synthesis of viral mRNA, and thus are aptly referred to as "cap" dependence. As an inhibitor of cap-dependent endonuclease, Afloza inhibits the enzymatic reaction and prevents the viral genome from replicating, thereby blocking the proliferation of the virus as soon as it enters the cell. Through this biological mechanism, Afloza forwards the prevention and control barrier and kills the virus in the cradle. Therefore, it can quickly cure the flu, and it has the magical effect of taking it once orally. Fighting the flu, the most important thing about vaccination Academician Gao Fu told reporters: "I already knew this new drug earlier this year, and I have recommended that the drug regulatory department of China approve the introduction of this new drug as soon as possible." As a scholar who has long been engaged in pathogenic microorganisms and immunology research, the influenza virus is Academician Gao Fu is one of the main research directions. Not long ago, at the Asia-Pacific Influenza Prevention and Control Academic Conference held in Shenzhen and the 1918 Pan-Influenza Centennial Commemorative Conference, Academician Gao Fu also cooperated with well-known experts and scholars in the field of influenza and avian influenza research at home and abroad, as well as relevant units and institutions at home and abroad. Every year on November 1st, it was established as "World Flu Day", calling for the global "sniper" of the flu. "Influenza is one of the most infected diseases in the world today. Today, despite the rapid development of global science and technology, human cognition of influenza is still limited. Even the scientific community is helpless in the face of virus mutation. 'World Flu Day' is an opportunity to inspire researchers, scientists, and public health personnel to conduct basic and innovative research on influenza viruses, promote the birth of new anti-influenza drugs, and accelerate the development of influenza vaccines." Academician Gao Fu said . "The war between the virus and the human body is like a cat and mouse game. If the human being is a cat, the virus is a small mouse. I don't know when the mouse will appear. I don't know what kind of pattern will change. I don't know the virus. How strong the intensity will be, it is difficult to predict. We humans never know what brand the virus will produce.†Academician Gao Fu said in an image, “The invention of this new drug of Afloza is considered revolutionary and reflects the basic research of influenza. The results accumulated over the years." In the course of the battle between humans and the flu, anti-influenza drugs have been developed, but the flu virus has been mutated. Whether Duffy and Afloza can be used together in the future is not effective, and the Gaofu team is further researching the experiment. Academician Gao Fu believes that this year's flu will not be widespread due to the cyclicality of the flu epidemic and the immunity that our people have gained during the flu epidemic last year. He emphasized the importance of vaccination: "The vaccine is the first in the prevention and control of influenza virus, and the drug ranks second." (Reporter Li Liyun intern Li Hao) Xi'an Healthway Biotech Co.,Ltd , https://www.xianhealthway.com