1, sowing and planting the appropriate wintering cucumbers are generally planted in mid-October, planted in mid-November. From July to November, picking up a tomato after the autumn, and pulling it in mid-November is a better model. However, since mid-November, the temperature has dropped and the rain and snow have increased, and the cucumbers that have just been planted are often affected to varying degrees. According to local experimental research by Mr. Wang Mingyao of Gu'an County, it is considered that the sowing date of wintering cucumbers is early to mid-September, and the planting period is early to mid-October. In this way, not only is it beneficial to the root development of the seedling stage and the growth of the aboveground part, but also the root can be harvested in late November, and the market price begins to enter the peak period. However, early planting and planting, grafting and seedlings, must pay attention to the prevention of aphids, whitefly mites and downy mildew, anthrax. Gu'an County has achieved good results in promoting early planting technology from 1993 to 1997.

2, fertilization and preparation of the general base fertilizer application compost, cattle and horse manure, chicken manure, pig manure and broken straw, fully decomposed wheat bran, rice husk and discarded edible fungus culture medium and other organic fertilizer 18 cubic meters, superphosphate 150 ~200 kg, standard nitrogen fertilizer 75 ~ 100 kg (50 ~ 75 kg of diammonium phosphate can be used instead of the above two fertilizers), cottonseed cake 200 ~ 300 kg.

Fertilization preparation method:

The first is to dig the planting.

The second is to turn the ground 2 times after the grounding. Then pour the water to the bottom of the foot, ridge and do the squatting, the height is 15-20 cm. There are two main ways to arrange the line spacing: one is a large line spacing of 80 cm, a small line spacing of 50 cm, and an average line spacing of 65 cm. Another is a small line spacing of 80 cm, a large line spacing of 100 cm or 120 cm.

3. Planting is carried out in sunny days. After the seedlings are divided into large, medium and small, they are transported to the side of the planting ridge. From the perspective of the whole greenhouse, the seedlings should be placed at both ends of the east and the front of the greenhouse, and the seedlings should be placed in the middle of the greenhouse. From the perspective of one line, the seedlings are in the back of the greenhouse, and the seedlings are in the middle, so that they tend to grow neatly in the future. Generally cultivated by "close planting", the average plant spacing is about 23 cm, and it is cultivated by "sparse planting" with an average plant spacing of about 30 cm. When planting, the seedlings are placed in the ditch at a predetermined plant spacing and fixed slightly. After that, watering, soil, and seedlings. Then, water is poured through the ditch to create conditions for the new roots of the cucumber.

4. After the planting period management, it is necessary to adopt the “deep, medium and shallow” medium tillage method for cultivating, and promote the growth and development of the deep, medium and shallow roots, and cover the mulch film better after the temperature is cold.

First, when the 2-4 leaves are planted, the large water is poured, and the deep tillage is carried out in time. The general depth of cultivation is 20-25 cm. The purpose is to plow the surface layer and the middle layer to promote the formation of deep roots. Generally, it can be cultivated 5 to 6 times. Deep roots are important for wintering melons and high yield and stability.

The second is 4-6 true leaves, shallow cultivating, cultivating once a day or every other day, ploughing 10-15 cm deep to promote the formation of middle roots.

When the third is 8-12 leaves, the cultivating is generally stopped. Because of this time, the average cucumber seedlings are about 10 cm, mainly the long surface roots. There are three layers of deep, medium and shallow roots, and cucumber can produce high yield. In the temperature management, it is necessary to manage according to the seedling segmentation: the first true leaf is managed with a slightly higher temperature before the day, generally 25-32 ° C in the morning and 16-18 ° C in the night. From the second leaf development, low night temperature management (10-15 ° C in the morning) is adopted to promote the differentiation of female flowers. After 5-6 leaves, the temperature is suitably higher, sunny day 25 ~ 32 ° C, afternoon 23-20 ° C, night 20-14 ° C. If the temperature management procedure for controlling the female flower node is not taken in the early stage due to weather or human factors, the female flower appears to have a low node, the female flower appears in large numbers continuously, the plant growth may have been suppressed, and even when the flower topping occurs, Decisively adjusted by manual measures.

5, the management of the period

(1) When cultivating the vines and cultivating the wintering cucumbers, in order to promote the development and maintain the vitality of the roots, it is mostly to adopt a method of not allowing the tops to grow naturally. Overwintering cucumbers generally grow to 40-50 knots. Because of the limited height of the temperature chamber, it is necessary to sink the melons for a period of time. In order to facilitate the vines, nylon drapes and cloth slings are generally used. The nylon thread for hanging should be left in the upper part to be used for the vine. When hanging the vines, the operation should be light, not too much at all, not to damage the blades. At the same time, it is necessary to remove the lower yellow leaves, side branches, tendrils, male flowers, deformed melons and diseased melons.

(2) Temperature management Overwintering After the cucumber began to bear the melon, most of the areas have entered the harsh winter season, and the light is becoming more and more insufficient. At this time, the management temperature must be gradually reduced on the basis of the previous stage, gradually reaching 23 to 26 ° C in the sunny day, not to exceed 28 ° C; 22 to 20 ° C in the afternoon, 18-16 ° C in the first half of the night, not exceeding 20 ° C, 12-10 ° C when the morning is revealed. At this time, the temperature must not be high or low, especially do not let high temperature, otherwise the sugar produced in the plant at low temperature will become a respiratory matrix at high temperature and will be consumed, affecting its cold resistance. In case of continuous cloudy days, it must be handled in accordance with the continuous cloudy countermeasures. After entering the spring, the sunshine time will increase day by day, the intensity of sunshine will increase day by day, the temperature will increase day by day, and the cucumber will be transferred to the peak of production. In this period, the management indicators should be improved and gradually reach the theoretically appropriate temperature. That is, the sunny day is 25-28 ° C, not more than 32 ° C, the night temperature is 20-14 ° C, not exceeding 22 ° C. The plants under such temperature management are generally relatively robust, and the vegetative growth and reproductive growth are relatively coordinated, which is conducive to prolonging the melon period and increasing the total yield. There is also the use of high temperature management, high temperature management, sunny daytime morning temperature is controlled at 30-38 ° C, night temperature 21-18 ° C. The temperature in the solar greenhouse is strictly controlled by the lighting conditions. The above temperature management index is not a rigid regulation. It is more a guiding ideology that requires the producer to have temperature management and a general scale to be mastered. Emphasize that you should not blindly put high temperature on sunny days, and the temperature should not be high in Pengtian and nighttime. When the weather is still good in winter, don't be blindly optimistic. It is necessary to carry out the refining of the seedlings in order to create a plant with high light efficiency that has good adaptability to low temperature and low light conditions. In order to be able to take the initiative, after the spring, according to market conditions or the occurrence of downy mildew, flexible management of temperature to obtain better benefits.

(3) After the water management is completed, the winter season is about to come. Although the plant growth and the melon are still in progress, the water consumption is also relatively reduced, and the watering is easy to reduce the temperature and induce the disease. When the weather is normal, water is usually poured in about 7 days. After the weather is getting colder, the interval between watering can be extended to 10-12 days. However, the interval between watering and watering can not be carried out completely according to the specified number of days. It is also necessary to weigh the judgment according to the experience and the appearance of cucumber plants, fruit enlargement and weight gain and some day and night performance. The melon is dark green, the leaves are not shiny, and the faucet stretch is a suitable expression of water and fertilizer; the tendril is drooping, which is a manifestation of insufficient water. Watering must also pay attention to the weather forecast. It must be able to meet a few sunny days after watering. If it is even cloudy after pouring, it will be very passive. The watering method advocates the use of low-pressure pipe irrigation, drip irrigation or under-film dark irrigation. In the spring, the cucumber enters the vigorous period of fruiting, and the water demand increases significantly. The elbow should be removed from the mulch. It should be managed according to the normal temperature (25-28 °C during the day, not more than 32 °C, 18-16 °C during the night). Generally, it should be poured for 4-5 days. If the management temperature is high, it can be 2 according to the situation. - 3 days pouring a water, promoting large water, the line is clear water, pouring water to ensure the water supply of deep roots. The principle of air humidity adjustment is that the relative humidity of the air in the deep winter season is controlled at about 70% to adapt to the conditions of low temperature and low light and to prevent the occurrence of various diseases under low temperature and high humidity. After the person turns warm, the humidity should be gradually increased, and the melon period should reach about 90%.

(4) Topdressing over the winter, the cucumber and melon period lasts for 4-5 months, and the total amount of fertilizer is inevitable, but the amount of composting should not be too large. Generally, it can be carried out according to the following rules: after picking the first melon, the fertilizer can be chased once, and the ammonium nitrate is 20-30 kg; in the low temperature period, the fertilizer is generally chased for 15 days, and the ammonium nitrate is 10-15 kg per mu. Pay special attention to the foliar topdressing. According to practical experience, the foliar fertilizer formula is: humic acid spray fertilizer 50 g + 1250 g gibberellin 1 g + root powder 0.3 g, water 5 kg, 7 days spray or root irrigation, the effect is very it is good. After entering the cassava season in spring, the interval between top dressings should be gradually shortened, and the amount of topdressing should be gradually increased. The interval between top dressings is shortened to 8-10 days, and 20-30 kg of ammonium acid per acre is used. When using high temperature management, the interval between top dressings is reduced to 6-8 days, and the amount of topdressing per acre should reach 30-40 kg. In addition, according to the practical experience in recent years, in order to prevent premature aging after the Spring Festival, the organic fertilizer is usually chased before the Spring Festival, chasing 1,500 kg of cow dung and chicken manure, 100 kg of potassium sulfate, and 100 kg of potassium dihydrogen sulfate.

(5) Adding carbon dioxide and releasing air management After the grass curtain is uncovered in the morning and before the wind is released, the application of oxygen dioxide fertilizer can increase the output by about 30%. In the winter, the wind is generally only open to the upper air outlet. During the release of the wind, the room temperature change should be checked frequently to prevent the temperature from falling too low. It is best to use a piece of plastic cloth to block the cold air directly entering the greenhouse without blowing it directly. Melon. In the spring, the weather is getting warmer, the temperature is getting higher and higher, and the accumulation of harmful gases in the room will be more and more. The adjustment of temperature and exchange of gas requires gradually increasing the amount of ventilation. The ventilation in the spring should also pay attention to the skill, that is, the wind must be combined with the anti-cucumber downy mildew. First of all, only open the wind from the height of the greenhouse (the principle is not less than 1.7 meters); can not put the bottom; the damaged mouth of the shed film should be repaired at any time; immediately close the vent when it rains; this is to prevent downy mildew Measures for the entry of diseased spores into the room. In addition, high temperatures exceeding 32 °C resist the germination of downy mildew spores. When the outside night temperature is stable at 14-16 ° C, it can be released overnight, but it is necessary to prevent rain from dripping inside the room. The cucumber in the solar greenhouse has been grown under the cover. Once the plastic film is removed, the production is over. Third, pest control The solar greenhouse has a large production area, long growing time, and more continuous cropping. It is prone to pests and diseases when subjected to different climatic conditions. There are fewer species of pests and they are easy to control; there are many types of diseases and the greatest threats. Common diseases in cucumber production in solar greenhouses are: downy mildew, bacterial angular leaf spot, blight, anthracnose, powdery mildew, blight, sclerotinia, gray mold, blight, black spot and viral disease .

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