Golden mushroom cultivation techniques
There are various methods for growing mushroom, such as bottle planting, bag planting, and bed planting, among which bottle planting is the most common. The following are introduced separately: (1) Bottle planting or bag planting 1. Formulation of culture materials (1) Sawdust medium wood chips 70% rice bran or oatmeal 27% sucrose 1% gypsum powder 15% calcium carbonate 0.5% water quality (2) cottonseed hull culture medium cottonseed husk 75% rice bran or wheat husk 22% sucrose 1% calcium superphosphate 1% gypsum powder 1% Water amount (3) Bagasse medium Bagasse 75% Rice bran or wheat bran 20% Corn flour 3% Sucrose 1% Gypsum powder 1% Water amount (4) Corn cob medium Corn cob 70% Rice bran or wheat bran 25% sucrose 1% Gypsum powder 2% Superphosphate 1% Calcium carbonate 1% Water amount 2. The culture material is made in one of the above formulas. Weigh the raw materials and mix them with water. The water content is about 65%, and then it is loaded. In a wide-mouth bottle or plastic bag, rinse the net (bagged bag mouth cover plastic ring bamboo ring), stuffed with tampon, move into the pressure cooker or steamer sterilization. The autoclaves were sterilized at a pressure of 15 kg/cm2 for 15 hours; steamers or sterilizers were kept for 6 to 8 hours after the water boiled. 3. After inoculating the culture material, sterilized and moved into the inoculation box or sterile room. When the temperature of the material drops to about 25°C, it can be handled aseptically. The bacteria can be inserted into the medium in the bottle or plastic bag. Each bottle of bacteria Can be connected to 60 to 70 bottles (bags). 4. Cultivation Management (1) Mycelial culture After inoculation, the bottle or bag is transferred to the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 to 25°C. After the mycelium grows and spreads, the fermented heat due to mycelium respiration produces higher heat than room temperature. ~ 4 °C, so the room temperature than the mycelium growth temperature can be low 3 ~ 4 °C. 2 to 3 days after the general inoculation, the hyphae begin to germinate. After 10 days, the mycelia can grow to the inside of the material. After about one month, the mycelium can fill the whole bottle. As the mushroom cultivation process is prone to bacteria, it should be carefully checked during the fungus stage and found that bacterial infections should be treated or scrambled in time to prevent proliferation. (2) When the management hyphae after fruiting are overgrown, the fungus should be carried out immediately (ie, the surface old strains should be scraped off) to promote the formation of primordia and fruiting bodies. At this time, we must strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud culture. After the fruiting body grows, the temperature is controlled between 8 and 14°C, and the relative humidity of the air is kept between 90% and 95%, and the air is slowly ventilated. As the main edible part of the mushroom is the crispy seedling shank, the quality of the stipe is long and tender. Therefore, when the fruiting body is formed, a 15 cm-high kraft paper bag is placed on the bottle mouth or bag mouth, or the window of the cultivation room is covered with a black cloth to promote the growth of the stalk to obtain the mushroom of the small bacterium cap. (3) The general stipe length is 13 to 14 cm, and when the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm, it can be harvested. When harvesting, remove the paper bag, gently hold the stipe, and gently pull it up to prevent breaking the stipe or taking out the culture material. After harvesting, the entire bottle surface or bag surface can be leveled and managed in the same manner to continue growing the second batch of mushrooms. After the second harvest, the culture material is excavated, spread on the ground or on a bed frame, made into a bed with a thickness of 10 cm, compacted slightly, covered with a plastic film, and then again for about 20 days. Plenty of mushrooms. (b) Raw material bed 1. The culture materials were prepared using fresh cottonseed husks or other crop stalks, adding 10% wheat husk, 1% sucrose, and mixing evenly, using 50% wettable carbendazim 500 times or 0.5% lime liquid mixture, moisture content of about 65%, stuffy home for half an hour can go to bed. 2. Seed sowing planting using layered accessories; each layer thickness 5 to 6 cm, is divided into three layers, sowing sowing and sowing combined, per square meter sowing bacteria (750 ml bottle) 5 to 6 bottles, with The seed amount is 1/5 of the bottom layer, the middle layer and the surrounding area, 2/5 of the material layer, to ensure that there are more strains around the material surface and cover, and cover the plastic film culture. 3. Cultivation Management Raw material cultivation is easy to contaminate the bacteria, so the sowing season should be carried out at 10-15 °C. Because the mushroom is a low-temperature edible mushroom, the mycelia grows robustly at 10-15°C, and the bacteria are not easily contaminated. 15 days after sowing, the hyphae will be able to cover the surface of the material. In 30 days, the hyphae will go deep into the material layer and be about 5 cm. After 40 days, the film can be lifted off and the buds can be extracted. During this period, management mainly focused on ventilation and maintaining a relatively high humidity, and often check the growth of mycelium and found that bacteria were treated in time. 4. After the mushroom grows, the temperature of the management bacterial bed should be controlled at 8 to 10°C and the relative humidity of air is 85% to 90%. At the same time, a dark environment is created, and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is controlled to 0.114%. ~ 0.152% to promote the elongation of the stipe, inhibit the growth of the cap, and obtain a high-quality mushroom with a long shank and a small cover. 5. Harvesting When the entity matures, the stipe can be harvested as long as 15 to 20 centimeters. When harvesting, one-handedly press the bed of bacteria, and then gently pull the mushroom handle to remove it, leaving no residual roots. After harvesting, the bed surface is covered and the film is covered. After the mycelium recovers and grows, light water is sprayed to keep the material surface moist. After mushrooming, the same method of management can be used to produce 4 to 5 batches of mushrooms.